Conduct a Stakeholder Analysis for a Planned Upgrade

As you know, my company is planning to construct a nuclear power plant in Oregon. Indeed, the conduct stakeholder analysis is important as a prerequisite of the decision approving the plan because stakeholders play an important role for the projects such as project stakeholders are involved in or affected by the project activity. The project manager must take the time to identify, understand, and manage the relationships between all stakeholders of the project. The use of four framework can help organizations meet the needs and expectations of stakeholders. And the senior member of the Board is the key stakeholders.Accordingly, to conduct stakeholder analysis for a plan to upgrade the software product successfully. We need to analyze the stakeholders are and what is its impact on the success of the project. Sets of project stakeholders include: Internal Stakeholders †¢Top management †¢Accountant †¢Other functional managers †¢Project team members External Stakehold ers †¢Clients †¢Competitors †¢Suppliers †¢Environmental, political, consumer and other intervener groups. Important tasks of the project leader are to have good relationships with stakeholders, understand correctly and meet their expectations.In addition, to the success of software projects, we should analyze the following points in order of importance: Support of leadership, The participation of users, The project management experience The explicit goal The range is reduced Standard software platform The basic requirements do not change Methodology form Reliable estimate In addition to hard skills and soft skills, more and more as the project leader of more work such as planning, organizing, budgeting, adjust the plan. etc. This work not only the project leader to implement but also to have analytical logic must have the foresight to identify the future steps of the project.

Key success factors for Airtel using Porters value chain Analysis Essay

The methodology of the report is carried out by observing and analyzing various secondary sources. The various secondary sources are study of value chain model in detail from various books and different net sources.. Other than these , study of key factors in the growth of airtel industry. Agter study of key factors, a complete knowledge of industry is taken from various secondary sources. (1. 1)Profile of the company Bharti Airtel Limited, which is also known as Airtel, is an multinational telecommunications services company of India which is headquartered in New Delhi. It operates in 20 countries and some of them are south Africa, Asia, channel countries. Airtel has GSM network in all countries in which it operates, providing services such as 2G, 3G, 4G depending upon the country of operation. Airtel is the world’s third largest mobile telecommunications company by subscribers, with over 275 million subscribers across 20 countries as of July 2013. It is the largest cellular service provider in India, with 192. 22 million subscribers as of August 2013. Airtel is the third largest in-country mobile operator by subscriber base. Airtel is the largest provider of mobile telephony and second largest provider of fixed telephony in India, and is also a provider of broadband and subscription television services. It offers its telecom services under the â€Å"airtel† brand, and is headed by Sunil Bharti Mittal. Bharti Airtel is the first Indian telecom service provider to achieve Cisco Gold Certification. And it also acts as a carrier for national and international long distance communication services. The company has a submarine cable landing station at Chennai, which connects the submarine cable connecting Chennai and Singapore. Airtel is credited with pioneering the business strategy of outsourcing all of its business operations except marketing, sales and finance and building the ‘minutes factory’ model of low cost and high volumes. The strategy has since been copied by several operators. And its network base stations, microwave links, is maintained by Ericsson and Nokia. Vision: 1. Become the most loved brand by 2015 2. Multiplatform services in telecom, enterprise and digital television, unified under brand â€Å"airtel† 3. Amongst the Top 100 of Most Valuable Global Brands 4. No. 1 service brand in India CHAPTER – 2 (2. 0) Effects of value chain analysis: Many organizations do not achieve the profits they anticipate by using incorrect methods or models to determine the true costs of products and services. This failure to correctly assess the costs associated with business not only affects the profit margin, but the organizations competitive advantage as well. In order to assess whether the organization is failing to realize optimum resource allocation, the organization should look at the methodology first popularized by Michael Porter titled the Value Chain Analysis (VCA). â€Å"VCA seeks to define the entire chain through which goods are supplied to a customer†. The VCA can be a powerful tool in increasing an organization’s competitive advantage; by correctly pricing products and assessing the true costs of materials and labour, organizations can align the improvements in efficiency and quality with its objectives. The value chain includes all the activities involved in product making. It is a useful tool to measure the value created for each activity in the process of product creation. It is a part of a firm’s strategic planning to arrange these activities in a way that the total value, the value that buyers are willing to pay, exceeds the total cost. According to Porter , a company can create value through a cost advantage or product differentiation. The activities in the value chain are not independent. Linkages may exist between activities. In fact, one process may affect the cost and performance of the others. Linkage can exist between primary activities, as well as, between primary and support activities. Therefore, competitive advantages can also be derived from the linkages between activities. Airtel seeks to create value through diversification by moving across businesses that share both operational and corporate relatedness. With this approach, it expects to achieve high resource sharing and consequently, significant cost reduction. It looks at operational relatedness since a number of its businesses operate across similar technologies and thus the platform for a given product can be used directly for extending the service from a completely new product. As an example, the cables for a telephone connection provided by Airtel can be used to provide broadband service to the customer without any significant change in infrastructure. The skills required from the technicians are also not very different and thus economies of scale are quite possible (2. 1) The Added-value Chain: According to McPhee and Wheeler , focusing on the firm’s internal core activities is not sufficient to generate value in today’s firms. The authors propose an added-value chain model that includes a set of expanded business activities from different business models and a redefinition of value that incorporates brand, reputation, and relationship-based value drivers of the firm. In the added-value chain model, the definition of value incorporates profit margin and intangible assets like leadership quality, innovate capability, brand equity and competences in strategic-alliance development. This new value definition gives to the firms the ability to evaluate how their strategies affect both â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† assets of the firms . This model is incomplete for example in finding and exploring non-linear value opportunities. Chapter – 3 (3. 0) Key success factors: Airtel has its presence in all 23 circles of the Indian telecom industry. Some of its key success factors are: Brand name: Airtel is a well known name throughout the world. So due to its internationalization strategy It is earning a huge amount of profit. One Step Ahead: Airtel always believe in staying one step ahead of its rivals and it achieves this by doing multidimensional expansion. And this thing can be achieved only by a stable and visionary management. Business Process Outsourcing: Airtel always follows the strategy of outsourcing of all the non core activities and it keep on focussing on core activities. And it is also known as the first mobile company to outsource everything except marketing and sales. The outsources infrastructure and I. T operations from I. B. M, Nortel and Wipro and communication networks from Nokia and recently with Cisco and Servion to provide hosted contact centre services. Innovations in VAS: Airtel has separate value added services for consumers and business enterprises. And other services such as Airtel online desktop for Airtel broadband users which provides free online space for storing, also editing and sharing. It also provides free software and updates on rental basis. M-Commerce: Airtel has also idea for introducing m – commerce as one of its value added service. Because still 80 to 85 percent of population is looking for financial transactions using mobile technology. So it’s a good step. Network: Airtel packs a punch when it comes to network coverage. The aim of Sunil Bharti Mittal wasto creates a network which is clear even when in the basement. Airtel has done just that and beyond. (3. 1) Strategies of Airtel: Mobile to mobile payment: This is the first mobile-to-mobile payment option, which enables Airtel customers and ICICI bank visa cardholders to pay for their purchases with their Airtel mobile phones. Joint venture: Airtel realised that the role of mobile telephony must surpass the conventional school of thought in India. Ever since internet banking has kick started in India, it was just a matter of time before mobile banking started playing the role of a constant revenue stream. The only drawback is the lack of infrastructure in India when it comes to cashless purchase To target around 55 million farmers fertiliser cooperative of India came in with a joint venture with airtel. This venture will help the farmers with the help of telecommunication services. And it will also help in giving the vital information to the farmers. And this is an innovative way of targeting the lower part of the pyramis whereas competitiors are not doing so. Hiring strategy: Airtel has a history of hiring some of the high level officials from other companies to be an integral part of their business. AIRTEL IN WIRELESS IN INDIA: If we talk about wireless network airtel is at no. one position in India. It has a large customer base in comparison to other networks. So, from wireless they earn a total of 30% of revenue from market share. If we will see from the figure, airtel has 187 million customers in india which is the largest. And this proves that value chain plays a very important role in maintaining a profit margin. from this we came to know that the technology advancement , which is a secondary activity and operation , inbound logistics of primary activities is quite strong. FIG – (1) – WIRELESS SUBSCRIBERS Value chain model of Airtel If we talk about value chain model of Airtel, first we will start with some key factors and we will fit them in a particular step of value chain , so that we can identify how it is giving extra value to the firm. So we will discuss each step in brief one by one. 1) BRAND NAME: Airtel is a well known name and is recognised throughout the world. It has its presence in various countries. If we talk through clear facts it is present in twenty countries and this brand is addressable to around 1. 8 bn population. It has its presence in different corners of world and is a major player in Africa country. It is considered as the provider of best services. It is also number one service brand in india. so because of having an image of respectful brand it is having a huge profit and they are having a profit margin. So its become an important part of value chain as it is providing value to the firm. So we can put this in technological advancement as because of good provider of services and technology it becomes a favourable brand.

John Maynard Keynes, the Father of Modern Theoretical Economics Essay

John Maynard Keynes (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), a British economist known also as the father of modern theoretical economics, had made a great impact on contemporary economic as well as political theory. His ideas were tapped by governments for their fiscal policies. He is most well known on his interventionist policy when it comes to fiscal and monetary measures, specifically, to mitigate the undesirable effect of recessions, depressions, and even booms. An article from Time magazine on the 100 Most Important People of the Century, contend that â€Å"[h]is radical idea that governments should spend money they don’t have may have saved capitalism† (Reich, no date). As an economist, his first share of international fame was when he was selected as a delegate of the Paris Peace Conference of 1918–1919. It was during this conference that the victors of the World War 1 (specifically, Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, and David Lloyd George) imposed war reparations on Germany. Keynes held his tongue during the conference but let out a roar as soon as he returned to England (Reich, no date). He wrote a book entitled The Economic Consequences of Peace. He wrote that the Germans would not be able to pay the victors. He called Wilson a â€Å"blind, deaf Don Quixote†, Clemenceau a xenophobe with â€Å"one illusion — France, and one disillusion — mankind†, and Lloyd George a â€Å"goat-footed bard, this half-human visitor to our age from the hag-ridden magic and enchanted woods of Celtic antiquity. † Keynes predicted that the reparations demanded by the victors would keep Germany impoverished and might ultimately threaten the neighboring countries if not all of Europe (Reich, no date). And we know that he is indeed right as if it was a prophecy. The book sold almost a hundred thousand copies on that period. But it was only later on after three decades that the real effect of his treatise was felt. After the end of World War II, both US and Britain (as victors of the war) remembered Keynes’ admonition. The best way to attain a lasting peace is by helping the vanquished start all over again – public investing to create trading partners and building solid democracies (like n the case of Germany, Italy, and Japan during that war; Reich, no date). Keynes founded that branch of economics that is termed â€Å"macroeconomics† today. This is his greatest influence in the history of economics. This actually came from a book he wrote during the depths of the Great Depression. The book was called â€Å"The general theory of employment, interest and money† (published on 1936). The idea is pretty much easy to understand: Governments should not leave the market alone when, and especially, the economy is running slow (interventionist policy of the government). It is during periods of dull economy or recession that markets are saturated and businesses either do not invest or reduce their investment. Such situation, according to Keynes, is a prologue for a very dangerous cycle: â€Å"less investment, fewer jobs, less consumption and even less reason for business to invest† (Keynes, in Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia). In 1942, John Maynard Keynes was raised to the House of Lords and was accord the title Baron Keynes of Tilton, County of Sussex. Keynes played a crucial role in the negotiations that transpired in the creation of the Bretton Woods system (the system/conference that created the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization, as we know it today). He was the head of the British Commission and the chairman of the World Bank Commission. He was the brainchild behind the management of currencies between and among countries. He advocated the creation of a world central bank, the International Clearing Union, that will be responsible for the common world currency unit (Reich, no date; Keynes, in Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia).

Structure of organization Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Structure of organization - Case Study Example Under such desperate circumstances, the company executives should move from the vertical organizational structure to the flat organizational structure. Under this system, the coordination between the employees will increase, the functional processes will get integrated and the organizational goals will get aligned with the individual goals. Hence, this will result in Aquarius agency turning into a learning organization that will foster increased employee empowerment and increased customer satisfaction. Analysis of the Current Structure of the Organization Presently, the company is running under the tall structure of organizational hierarchy. According to this structure, there are three comprehensive departments such as marketing, Operations and Accounts. These major departments are supported by 2 one men departments that are, Human Resource and Finance. This structure was a best fit for the organization previously since it created provision for specialized tasks, well defined guideli nes for the employees, proper job description for each employee and a high power distance. Due to the present tall organizational structure, there are few teams in the company and functions are characterized by centralized decision making procedures. These features of the organizational structure enable the higher management to wield power and take decisions in the most professional and judicious way (Daft, 1991). However, the present system is also creating a big cloud of problems as the clientele gets involved and communication gaps begin to widen up. The miscommunication between the cross functional supervisors due to mismanaged communication networks has led to employees being constantly disgruntled by the current functioning of the organization. It is quite evident that the account executive is fed up of the constant direct communications between the clients and the specialists like those of marketing and operations. These direct meetings between the clients and the organizatio nal specialists led these employees to trespass their domains of authority and make decisions without consulting their executives. Since this phenomenon is not considered appropriate under the implemented organizational structure, this created serious problems in the value chain of the company and in the coordination in the business functions. This not only perturbs the organizational setting but also hurts the company reputation as the customers are unable to receive their desired value on time (Daft, 2003). The high power distance also led to delayed decisions and lack of coordination between the various organizational entities. These problems ultimately led to extreme job dissatisfaction for the employees like the accounts executives. The limited domain of authority of individual employees resulting from high power distance also made functional problems for the company. The plethora of problems experienced by the organization ultimately led to disgruntled customer base which subs equently led to fewer sales. Under the vertical structure employed by

Politics and good governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Politics and good governance - Essay Example Much heat has been generated on the the subject of the best foreign exchange rate regime for developing countries. I do not intend to add to it. I, however, do intend to draw attention to the major question of this paper: Is exchange rate regime the most important thing to focus on in developing countries Furthermore, is there really any exchange rate regime that is fail-proof Is there any that enjoys the unanimous support of the leading economists If there is, are there not sufficient illustrations of countries who failed using a regime others succeeded in If such cases do abound, are there not factors that made an otherwise workable regime unworkable in their situation We shall look at the factors we think might affect any exchange rate regime adversely. And it is our intention that these suggestions will trigger off further study on the subject matter and uncover several other factors. This is to say that the factors discussed here are not exhaustive. There is room for further exp loration of the subject and, indeed, that is the intent of this paper. We intend to stimulate interest that will fuel extensive research. We shall begin with those factors we believe have militated and still do militate against the successful implementation of exchange rate policies in developing countries. ... quality of governance in developing countries focusing specifically on political stability, the often defective and totally dissatisfactory electoral process, quality of opposition and separation of powers among other things. Finally, we shall look at the effects of social instability, lack of quality infrastructure, the absence of independence of controlling institutions and the stability and strength of the banking sector. Thereafter, we shall look at what we consider a better process. It will be wise to state here that the process does not refer to any exchange rate regime. It refers to what we consider to be a better approach to the issue of foreign exchange rate regimes. We believe that the process does not start with the implementation of any exchange rate policy, but the creation of an enabling environment and establishment of relevant institutions. The establishment of these relevant institutions does not refer to just setting up structures but truly entrenching these structures and their deserved independence in the consciousness of the population. The effect of the quality of the country's Polity The polity of any nation plays a major role in the policy thrust of the government. The level of accountability demanded by them and their level of involvement through their representatives go a long way in affecting the policies of that nation. The level of illiteracy in developing countries is certainly not as high as that of developed nations. In fact, there is a high level of illiteracy in the lower developing countries. Furthermore, even for those who are considered educated, the level of background knowledge necessary for proper evealuation of economic policies is very low or totally inexistent. Now, how does this affect the country's foreign exchange

Property offence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Property offence - Assignment Example 8). In this particular case, Fred sees a 50 pound shirt in a shop and swaps the price tag for another one marked 30. By doing so, Fred intentionally pays less for the shirt. This triggers the men rea precedent and the fraudulent act is then translated to theft or shoplifting since the true value of the item is not represented in its buying price. As a misdemeanor, the act falls under "summary offence† case. It is then referred to section 22 of the Magistrates Courts Act 1980 (Dabbah 2004, p. 8). Fred is charged with petty theft charges due to his offence. In this case, Andrew and Fred share a house, however, when Andrew takes Fred’s football club season ticket from his room, he violates the ‘Taking without Owner’s Consent’ law under the actus reus precedent. Subsection 5 and 6 of the UK legislation Theft Act of 1968 clearly states that an individual will be guilty of a theft charge, if the person lacks the permission of the proprietor or other official authority. (Cunningham 2008, p. 71). It is later documented that Andrew returned the ticket three months later. The theft cases may not be satisfactory to the jury since the item was returned to the owner while still valid. When Su decides to steal vodka from a shop with the use of a gun, he is subject to an aggravated burglary charge due to intent to use a deadly weapon hence triggering the men rea precedent. The UK legislation Theft Act of 1968 under section 10 states that an individual is accused of aggravated theft if he does any larceny and at the time he or she has any weapon or artificial firearm†. The fact that she pulls the gun outside the shop but returns it to her pocket still remains mute. The act further states that for this purpose a firearm or an imitation means anything that has the form of being a weapon whether able to being cleared or not. The

Coercive Power in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Coercive Power in the Middle East - Essay Example   The authoritarian government remains in power by opposing political discourse and fighting against reformists. The purpose of such government is to remain in power without necessarily meeting the demands of the nation. In countries such as Iran, the president has always developed mechanisms against any internal dissent. For instance, the president of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, has used his political power to win the election against the will of the people. His re-election in 2009 was a political manipulation, in spite of the internal dissent raised by the public against his election. This shows the effects of coercive power that authoritarian government uses to suppress the will of the people.   Although Middle East countries have shown efforts to develop the country’s economy, it is clear that they have been inefficient due to misdirected priorities. Since the government gives priority to the welfare of the leaders and those close to leadership, they fail to focus on th e shaping of the nation. Economists have criticized heavy economic spending of most Middle East countries on issues such as security and developing international networks that support their leadership. In Egypt, the government has spent a lot of money on security leading to the bankruptcy of its economy. Egypt spends over $2 billion on security, of which the money is the foreign aid that the government gets for the United States. Iran spends over 30 billion that it earns from its government from oil sales to cover for its security framework.   

Part 2 - Health promotion edit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Part 2 - Health promotion edit - Essay Example Indeed, homosexuals are too vulnerable to be abused by their families, particularity because of the customs and traditions of Lebanese society, according to which people keep living with their families even when they are adult. Once might think that only women are subject to, honor crimes, but homosexuals are also victims of such crimes. Even though different charges and penalties which are issued on imposed on homosexuals and the government attempts to frustrate them, they are still fighting for their rights performing a remarkable achievements supporting LGBT on the social and political class. Indeed, many NGO’s, which call for human rights, placed the issue of homosexuality on their top list. MIRSAD is a governmental and private organization that is concerned with the issues of human rights as they aim to spread awareness on the Lebanese society in order to create democracy and equality. In one of the cases the MIRSAD defended protested against the police operation as they arrested and integrated with the owner of the one of the LGBT website. As a result the MIRSAD was not able to achieve successes as their director was also arrested for protesting (10). However, the organization did not stop supporting LGBT and human right issues. Another organization is Helem, which aim to spread awareness about sexual d isease such as HIV and STIs. Indeed, Helem mostly tend to focus on the right and health of LGBT. In fact, Helem state that their belief is to â€Å"consistently promoted the idea that knowledge is the key to openness, tolerance and acceptance† by educating Lebanese society about homosexuality and their rights. In addition, Helem educates the public and policymakers through offering real data, arranging effective dialogues, events, workshops, lectures and media. Furthermore, with the rejection of the public to LGBT individuals, they created their own private internment environments hidden from the public eyes. Besides the

This isn't a biogrphy, neither is it a novel, naturally, may be a Essay

This isn't a biogrphy, neither is it a novel, naturally, may be a cross between literature, sociology, and history (Annie Ernaux, a woman's story). Does this de - Essay Example The author depicts the raw emotion of writing about the events surrounding her mother and the loss of her mother, â€Å"I shall continue to write about my mother. She is the only woman who really meant something to me and she had been suffering from senile dementia for two years†(pg. 11). It is clear that the writing of her mother is therapeutic for Annie and she is doing so to some to terms with not only the death of her mother but also her relationship with her mother which was sometimes rocky. In the act of writing about her mother, Annie Emaux is keeping her alive to not only herself (Annie) but to others who will read this piece. In my opinion, it would truly be almost impossible to fabricate or fictionalize these accounts of the loss of a parent unless one had endured it first hand. If the author had wanted to fictionalize this, she most likely would have told the story from a third person perspective. Though sad, this piece is truly one that many mothers and daughters can relate to. It is not uncommon for one to lose a parent and in hind site, try to permanently categorize that parent as either a good parent or maybe a not so good parent, as Annie struggled with. It is through the grieving process that Annie comes to terms with her mother as a parent and as an individual. In conclusion, this piece was most likely not only rather accurate to the author and her memory of her mother, but also to many women who read this piece and identify with the mother-daughter relationship experienced by Annie and her mother.

Macro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro economics - Essay Example It categorically defined employee and enables the Federal government to enforce acceptable means necessary to promote employment for economic stability (McConnell and Brue 214). These statues as well as other directives from the government are factors that shape a country’s fiscal policy. Prior to the Great Depression, national government intervention was limited to foreign policy and national defense. Most of fiscal policies are determined in state levels of government who had ample discretion in the formation of their own guidelines. Economists often refer to another important factor in the determination of economic dynamics in the form of political influence as a major factor in the federal budget. When there is unsupervised spending by politicians into particular interests groups then this could lead to exhaustive government expenditure relative to the tax revenues and leads to federal budget deficits (Boyes and Melvin 248). Staggering budget deficits is a major problem fo r any economy that brings imbalance to the entire system and impedes growth bringing adverse effects to members of a country’s population. There are two broad categories of fiscal tools as enumerated by McEachern as automatic stabilizers and discretionary. The first are programs that regulate the economy by stabilizing disposable income through the real GDP and consumption. The best example of an automatic stabilizer is income tax which automatically modifies the disposable income of an individual. The second is a direct manipulation by the government to encourage its macroeconomic objectives including full employment, growth and price stability. They may differ in the length of execution and as to... This paper discusses such important macroeconomic concepts as business cycles, fiscal policy and fiscal tools. Business cycle is essentially the rise and decline of economic activity. There is no specific or clear-cut span of time that determines a business cycle and the same may range for several years. There are four phases of the business cycle that comprises of peak, recession, trough and recovery A widely used measurement of output is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country which sees peaks and lows The occurrence of business cycles and its concurrent effect on increasing unemployment and inflation prevents economic growth.The mandate of a country to influence economic activity is the central purpose of fiscal policy. Macroeconomic theories are utilized in the formulation of the scope and limitations of fiscal policy. An example of a direct reaction of the government founded on fiscal policy is the Employment Act of 1946 when unemployment became a major problem after World War II. Prior to the Great Depression, national government intervention was limited to foreign policy and national defense. There are two broad categories of fiscal tools as enumerated by McEachern as automatic stabilizers and discretionary The first are programs that regulate the economy by stabilizing disposable income through the real GDP and consumption. The second is a direct manipulation by the government to encourage its macroeconomic objectives including full employment, growth and price stability. The 2009 stimulus plan implemented by President Obama is a good example of a discretionary fiscal tool adopted by the U.S. Government

Women and Crime Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Women and Crime - Annotated Bibliography Example The journal discusses in details the various roles of women. It is very difficult for a woman to face the world of crime and help eradicate crime from the society. Women must mould her to become very strong so that she can face the offenders and take proper action against them. The journal is a very resourceful source of knowledge as it broadens our view on the roles of women and how efficiently the women can play the role as a police officer. Australasian Council of Women and Policing. (1999). The Journal for women and policing. Melbourne: Austral Media Group P/L. This scholarly journal refers to women and policing. It extensively discusses the role of women in the field of police. The journal discusses in detail how the women contribute in protecting the society and preventing crime. It also discusses the problems that the women have to face while working as a police officer in a professional work environment. Women have to face a lot many difficulties and hardships while working in a professional environment and facing offenders and people committing crime.

Meaning of Life and Success Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Life and Success Essay The most important thing in my life is thought to be happiness. In order to achieve success you must adjust to very situation with ease. Success is it the process of doing a task and receiving a positive result, or is it simply achieving one’s own personal goals. According to The American Heritage dictionary success is, â€Å"the achievement of something desired, planned, or attempt†. The word success itself means to achieve your goal or get the point that you looking for. Some people success meant to them to be rich or to finish school and work high pay jobs. But for me success means more than that. Success means to me have peace and love; also to get married and to enter heaven after this life is over. To be sure, everybody who has peace and love is a successful succeeding person. Without peace and love there is no success. You wake up in the morning and you don’t worry about anything that day; that is success for me, because the life is short, you don’t have to be concerned about anything. Also if you have a family that loves you and is always happy for what you are doing, that is success. In addition, if you take care of your old parents and they love you and they live a happy life, which is success for me. Additionally, success is also something that is viewed differently in the eyes of everyone. This is because success means doing what I have always wanted do being where I have always wanted to be. My goal in life is to eventually get married to a good wife and have many happy children and if I accomplished that, then I could view myself as having success. Lastly, meaning of success for me is to enter the heaven after this life is over. We know that life in this world is too short, and we don’t know when we are going to die and what we are going to get after this life. That is a simple answer; do good deeds in this world and you are going to be successful in the life hereafter. That means you enter the heaven for sure and that is big reward from God to his mankind. There is no dying after this life; that means if you don’t enter the heaven you will be the loser and who ever go in the heaven will be the winner. In conclusion, I still agree with the idea I presented: however according to the dictionary and many other resources, success means to them achievement. But according to my own opinion success means to believe the ones of God, and to have peace and love in your whole life, and to get in heaven the life hereafter.

Change is required for the effective working of the organisation

Change is required for the effective working of the organisation Abstract In every organisation the change is required for the effective working of the organisation, in order for the better performance the employees or the management of the organisation implement a strategic change management timely when the need is required for the organisation to stand well in the business and the change management plays a very important role when it will be implemented when it is required and will give the organisation to rise its standards even more to great heights. In the similar fashion a proper change management has been implemented by the employs of Satyam Computer Services Pvt.Ltd to stand back in the business market and to make its organisation back in working condition when the organisation got collapsed due to improper management. With its effective strategic change management the organisation regained the lost customer and client relationships, with the help of integrated change management policy the organisation set some new approach to deliver sustained success to the unit in improving the effective functioning of the organisation, with an appropriate selection process, rewards in performance and an proper change management process the organisation could tackle the problems, after thr review on this assignment we could grasp some knowledge on the required change management and its implementation on any organisation when it needs an Change management. Change Management: activities involved in (1) defining and instilling new values, attitudes, norms, and behaviours within an organization that support new ways of doing work and overcome resistance to change; (2) building consensus among customers and stakeholders on specific changes designed to better meet their needs, and (3) planning, testing, and implementing all aspects of the transition from one organizational structure or business process to another. http://www.gao.gov/special.pubs/bprag/bprgloss.htm There are 3 models in change management they are: McKinsey 7-S Model Tom Peters and Robert waterman created the McKinsey 7-S Model, while they were working for McKinsey and company, and even by Richard Pascale and Anthony Athos at a meeting in 1978 (12 manage, 2007). The McKinsey 7-S Model is a holistic approach to a company or an organisation, which collectively determines how the company will operate (12 manage, 2007). In this model there are seven different factors which are the part of the model which will work with this model, and they are. Shared values Strategy Structure System Style Staff Skills The pictorial image of the 7 factors of McKinsey 7-S Model Briefing about the factors Shared values This factor has been placed in the centre of the model because it is what the organisation believes in and stands for, such as mission of the organisation (12 manage 2007). Strategy Here strategy represents the status of the organisation or what the organisation plans to react to any changes of its external surroundings (recklies, 2007). Structure Structure is the present or the future shape of the organisation Systems The systems are the rules and regulation, process and procedures and routines that characterize the method of the work to be done. Staff Staff is quiet obvious in the fact that it is a proper representation of who is employed by the organisation and what they do within the organisation (12 Manage, 2007). Style Signifies the organisational culture and management styles that are utilized within the organisation (12 Manage, 2007). Skills They indicate the abilities and competencies of either the employees or the organization holistically (12Manage, 2007).   Advantages of the McKinsey 7-S Model : The benefits of this model are It is an effective way to diagnose and understand the organisation. It is an guide for organisational change It is a combination of both rational and emotional constituents. All the factors are interrelated, so all portions must be addressed focused (12 Manage,2007). Disadvantages of McKinsey 7-S Model The major disadvantage is that this model ignores differences (Morgan, n.d.). After five years many of the companies that used this model fell from the top (Morgan, n.d.).   Lewins Change Management Model Lewins Change management model was created by Kurt lewin ( mind tools,2007), Kurt lewin has recognized the three stages of change, which are still widely used they are ( Syque, 2007) Unfreeze Transition (Change) Refreeze Unfreeze: The lewins model explains about the people who tend to or who stay in safe zone and are hesitant of the change like when there is no change they feel comfortable and when any change has taken place they feel uncomfortable, while to overcome this the freezed state the organisation provides an motivation. Motivation is important to any organisation, even though if there is no change. Transition (change) The transition period is when the change is occurring, which is voyage and not a step (Syque, 2007), generally the time for transition takes longer as the people do not like change. Another important part of this stage is about reassurance which is good for the organisation as well as the employees. When the transitional voyage ends then starts the next stage thats unfreeze. Unfreeze Unfreeze is a stage where the organisation or the company again gets stable condition, like the stage where the organisation regains the same or an good mode of business. (Syque, 2007) Advantages of the Lewins Change Management Model : Here the advantage for this model has good points than the previous model as this model has better understandable steps and has fewer steps, this is most efficient model to be used in these days. Disadvantages of the Lewins Change Management Model : The Lewins Change Management Model has also got some disadvantages and main is about that it is timely, that means to any change to take place it will take time. Another disadvantage is about the refreezing period, like many people are worried that another change is coming, so they are in change shock (Syque, 2007). By these the employees be in trauma that the change is arriving which makes them to work less efficiently in their jobs. Kotters Eight Step Change Model: John Kotter introduced Kotters Eight Step Change Model in 1995; he is an professor at Harvard Business School and worlds renowned change expert, the Kotters change model consist of 8 factors and they are. Create urgency: The need of creating urgency for the change comes when the organisation needs to survive so for that we need to convince all the people in the organisation. Form a Powerful Coalition: To survive the change the organisation needs to form a strong team, the team may consist of the most efficient or trustable, reliable persons from the organisation itself. To create a Vision for the Change: After formation of the team they have to construct an vision which will guide and show a clear direction in regards to the change and the result for the company and the after effects of the change. Communicate the Vision: When the team has created an vision in regards to the change they have to communicate this vision with all the empolyees and make sure that every employee is clear of what is happening. Remove Obstacles: Here in this step the management should equally work with the employs to empower the employes and help in removing obstacles. Create Short Term Wins: Here the employs should be provided with short-term wins with rewards which indeed will make the employees to work more efficiently. Bulid On the Change: The seventh step is about persistence because we should influence more change even after the short-term goals are met or the original plan for change will cease and die (Rose, 2002) Anchor the Change in corporate Culture: The final step is to make the change permanent by moving fitting it into the companys culture and practices, such as promotion (Chapman, 2006). Advantages of the Kotters Eight Step Change Model: The Kotters model has a huge benefit that it is step by step model, which indeed is easy to follow and the other benefit is that it not only focus on change only but it even accepts and gets prepared for this change , which helps in the transition. Disadvantages of the Kotters Eight Step Change Model: The only disadvantage for these model is that we can not skip any step where the change will be failed. The model I choose for the organisation Satyam Computer services Pvt.Ltd. is

Fresh Water Supply and Demand: Literature Review

Fresh Water Supply and Demand: Literature Review Literature Review: Although water is most abundant substance that find on earth surface but amount of global fresh water only accounts for 3%. This small amount of fresh water underpins life and vegetation on the earth surface. Out of this 3%, the main share about 68.7% is found in Polar Regions and glaciers as ice and 30.1% as ground water. The thin share about 0.3% water of total global fresh water is found as fresh surface water which is available in lakes (87%), Swamps (11%) and rivers (2%) (Gupta 2012)[1]. In addition to that water is unequally distributed on earth and population growth varies on every continent. If we look into history before the industrial revolution, it was possible to withdraw and consume water to everyone’s satisfaction. However times changed in the last few decades the last three centuries, with increased demographic pressure and quest for development and modernization, no longer allows management of water resources without cooperation among countries. Thus water, the need of life, is likely to pose the greatest challenge on account of an increased demand with population rise and economic development, and shrinking supplies due to over-exploitation and pollution. This has caught the attention of many scholars who had written lot about water management, water security and water scarcity. However while doing literature review, a selective approach has been adopted and only those works has been picked that are related to hydro politics, water conflicts, water politics and diplomacy, water security, water competition and challenges; which are succinctly discussed in following paragraphs. First category of literature that is discussed is related to hydro politics which emerged in late 1970’s. John Waterbury (1979) used the word ‘hydro-politics’ first time in 1979 and followed by other writers such as Allan, Coskun, Earle and Howe. Waterbury (1979) attempted to show how the politics and water overlap and intersect each other and affect the use of water resource in Nile Valley. He basically focussed on the Egypt and Sudanese relations from 19th century to 20th century. Egypt knows it vulnerabilities being a downstream country and vied to annex Sudan insisted on the ‘Unity of Nile Valley while Sudan never wants to come under the new imperialism of Egypt. He depicted that by end of 20th century there will be shortage of water in Nile valley as both countries reaching outer limits of what water storage facilities could provide. Allan (2002) argued that the potentiality of water scarcity is very big issue in the global politics and Middle East. Mid dle East is the region that suffers from this problem more than any other region in the world. The problem of water scarcity is become very critical in Middle East after 1970. He highlighted that this problem is very much correlated the security of the region. In the upcoming decades the problem of water and food will become very serious in the region and this not only affects the Middle East region but also the whole global politics. Coskun (2004) analysed that after independence from former Soviet Union, the water management of transboundary Rivers become very complicated and the tension over water resources increased drastically among the central Asian countries. He argued that disputes over water resources become big threat for the Central Asian security with increase in quests for meeting national interests. He also tried to explore the role of external and internal dynamics in building the cooperation for water regime. Earle (2005) discussed the hydro politics in Southern Afri ca and chances of peaceful development for sharing of water resources. He illustrated that the region has started to experience economic development with industrial and intensive agricultural growth by going beyond from past history of conflicts. He argued that the climate change can affect the region that has arid climate and prone to climatic changes. This climate change in Southern Africa is also a matter of concern at global level like many other parts of the world. The combination of above factors made the region hydro politically vulnerable but put forward that direct conflicts are not possible over water resources because of economic factors and benefits of co-operation and sharing. He justified his view about chances of co-operation with the statements of Kofi Annan (former UN general secretary) and Ismael Serageadin (former vice president of World Bank) is that the next war in the world will be fought on water not oil. Howe (2010) discussed hydro politics of the Nile River basin and highlights the chances of conflict and future course of policy making. She told that the Nile River basin is one of those regions in the world that is suffering with the problem of water scarcity. The Nile river basin is shared by ten countries i.e. Sudan, Egypt, Democratic Republic of the Congo Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and Ethiopia. She argued that water is main reason for conflict between the countries of the basin. The high growth of urbanization and population and the difference in interests between the riparian countries create many problems like sanitation, shortage of food, power and water for irrigation etc. She correlated the water with other problems of the region especially security of the region. The second category of literature is about water diplomacy and hydro diplomacy including the competition and challenges related to water. This includes the works of Karaev, Renner Roul and Chellaney. Karaev (2005) depicted the water diplomacy in Central Asia. He argued that after the independence from Soviet rule the rivers of Central Asia become international and became one of the main causes of conflicts between all the five countries of central Asia. In the time of Soviet rule all these rivers are managed by a central agency that is in the Moscow, all the decision is taken by this agency. But after the collapse of USSR this system is also broken management of these rivers become politicized. He discussed the main historical and geopolitical cause of conflicts in the Central Asia region. He also illustrated the policies of all Central Asian countries about the different issues among them. Renner (2009) highlights the water challenges in Central and South Asia that emerged due to issues of water and role played by them as both the region faced the same problems of water shortage and poor management of water resources. He also through light on changing climate in the form of melting glaciers, rising temperature, change in monsoon cycle and droughts that increases the water scarcity in both the regions. The wastage of water is very big problem in regions, but it is many times higher in Central Asian countries then the countries of world like Egypt, Spain, Israel, and Turkey etc. He cautioned that the hydro-power projects in Central Asia for irrigation needs could lead to transboundary water disputes in the Failure of absence of regional agreement. Izqzierdo et al. (2010) analysed the water crisis in Central Asia and discussed the key challenges and opportunities related to it. He explained the political, socio- economic, climatic and environmental causes of water dispute s in Central Asian region which made the situation very critical. They highlighted that before the independence from the rule of the USSR, there is not any problem related to sharing of water among five new countries. The downstream countries supply energy resources to upstream countries in winter season when the demand of energy resources at the peak and the upstream countries supply water to downstream counties when they need water for the irrigation of cotton crops. But after independence this system is broken. Due to the rise of nationalism and increasing mistrust on each other is very major cause of conflicts between the countries of Central Asia region. They also discuss about the mismanagement of water resources in the region and wastage of water. They also discussed the geopolitical role of Russia, China and Iran and also warned about the impacts that will have to face by Central Asian countries when Afghanistan demands its share from rivers waters. Roul (2013) discussed the hydro diplomacy related to transboundary rivers in Central Asia and highlights the relationship and difference in dependency on rivers among the upstream (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) and downstream countries (Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan) countries. He put forward that upstream countries need water for hydro power to meet their domestic energy demands while downstream countries need water for irrigation of agriculture fields. Thus geographical positions of countries increased the difficulties in solving the disputes related transboundary rivers. He argued that in Central Asian region all the international laws, framework, treaties and declaration related to transboundary or international rivers are negligible due to economic and geographical difficulties faced by respective countries. Chellaney (2014) examined the relationship between water and power and competition emerged in Asia due to it. He argued that pressure on water resources emerged as one of the most serious ch allenge especially in the rapidly growing economy of Asian continent. The scarcity of water resources and increasing competition for fresh water resources is became a very serious problem and increased the tension among the countries in the Asia. He illustrated that Central Asia is one of the most volatile regions in the world where rising nationalism and competition over water resources increasing every passing day. He put forward that Central Asian region is an example of how water resources are used for geopolitical gains by poor upstream and rich downstream countries. Third category includes the literature on water related conflicts. This includes the works of Wolf (1998), International Crisis Group (ICG, 2002) Olmstead (2005) Kraemer 2012. Wolf (1998) analysed the major water treaties among transboundary Rivers on the basis of FAO’s collected data. He illustrated the conflict and cooperation along international waterways and studied the problem of upstream- downstream country issue, water sharing issue; economic issues. He argued that Institutional resiliency is the main causes of conflicts among nations. His analysis about world stood same for the situation of Central Asia. Here the issues of water are much co-related like the other issues such as economic, geopolitical and social etc. Water Conflicts in Central Asia: In the report by International Crisis Group â€Å"Central Asia: Water and Conflict† (2002) explore that in Central Asia region competition for fresh water is increasing at a very fast rate. The main source of employment is agriculture in region and played very important role in economy of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. The cotton is the main crop of the region that required intensiv e irrigation. Water use has increased rapidly since the Central Asian states became independent in 1991 and is now at an unsustainable level. This report explores the political, environmental and socio- economic causes of water conflicts between the upstream and downstream countries of the region. This report also identifies the main areas that fuel tension in Central Asia region that are, mismanagement of water resources, failure of barter, Non-implemented and untimely barter agreements and payments, insecurity about future plans of water infrastructure like Rogan dam, Kambarata-1, Golden Age Century lake etc. Olmstead (2005) explores the ways in which economic development and local-level violent and non-violent conflict in the Ferghana Valley, Uzbekistan interact, using water scarcity as an instrumental variable for economic growth. Analysis shows significant negative correlation between rural incomes and the likelihood of local-level conflict. The importance to rural GDP of the release of water in the vegetative season, it seems that Uzbekistan should have a greater incentive to provide energy resources to upstream water producers (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) in order to insure properly timed water transfers. Currently, the negotiation process among the five Central Asian Republics that occurs year after year with regards to water allocation is highly contentious and Uzbekistan is generally unwilling to pay for water. Kreamer (2012) in his article, â€Å"Past, Present, Future of Water Conflicts and International Security† told that stress and scarcity of water has affected the stability of societies and it will continue to affect. An indication of worldwide water security challenges point out reflective problems and potential of crises. All over the world, there are many examples of struggles for water and how water is used as a strategic tool by different countries in the world. Water has also been an instrument of religious, ethnic conflicts and has recently been used in local and regional clashes. Fourth category focused on literature that illustrates the importance of water and geopolitical and political risk emerging because of water. (Allouche, 2004) Ruziev (2004), Chellaney (2012), â€Å"Kraak, 2012),† Kushkumbayev and Kushkumbayev (2013), (Allouche, 2004) in his article, â€Å"A source of regional tension in Central Asia: The case of water† explained historical and hydrological factors of the current water crisis in central Asia. He argued that water crisis between the countries of Central Asia is largely by the former Soviet Union’s plans in central Asia. The water conflicts in Central Asia region should not be separated from other issues of the region like ethnic tensions, territorial delimitation, nationalism, and political Islam etc. All these issues are many times responsible for water conflicts in the region especially in Farghana valley. Ramses Ruziev (2004), in his article, â€Å"Economic, Environmental, and Political Aspects of Hydropower Infrastructure Expansion in Central Asia† analysed the economic, environment and political aspects of developments of hydropower infrastructure development in the region. He examines that at the time of former USSR, the water and irrigation systems were managed by a centralized agency, based on Moscow, but after the independence the situation is changed regarding the allocation of water resources allocation. Before independence the upstream and downstream countries shared their resources (the downstream countries provided energy resources ex. Coal, oil and gas and upstream countries provided them water of irrigation). But after independence this system was collapsed. The upstream countries started store water in reservoir in summer season for making electricity in winter season, but downstream countries needed water in summer season for irrigation. He also mentioned the pos sible consequences of development of hydropower on the up and down streaming countries. Chellaney (2012), in his article, â€Å"From Arms Racing to â€Å"Dam Racing† in Asia: How to Contain the Geopolitical Risks of the Dam-Building Competition† examined that Asia’s economy is most fast growing economy in the world. The Race of dam is a major geopolitical issue in Asia continent and is also known for the brut lest competition for natural resources, particularly water and energy resources. The building of dams on international Rivers is the main problem between inter-riparian in Asia continent. In this article also explained how arising geopolitical risks with building of dams on transboundary Rivers. He examines the four different zones where this geopolitical risk is very high: these 4 regions are South Asia, Southeast Asia; China and its neighbouring countries; and Central Asia region, especially between the five â€Å"stans† nations — Tajikistan , Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Kraak, 2012), in his article, â€Å"Geopolitics of hydropower in Central Asia: The Syr Darya†, told about the geopolitics of hydropower between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan on Syr Darya river. He examined that the main cause of current dispute between them is on the construction of Kambarta-1 hydro project and tried to examine the Russia’s diplomacy in Central Asian water by obtaining major share in hydro projects in Kyrgyzstan by providing funds of construction of hydro projects, Uzbekistan blamed that with this Russia want virtual control of Central Asia rivers water. Kushkumbayev and Kushkumbayev (2013), in their article, â€Å"Water and Energy Issues in the Context of International and Political Dispute in Central Asia† argued that water is increasingly became scarce resources in the Central Asia region. The disagreements of downstream countries (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan) are increasing rapidly with the upstream (Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan) countries on the water resources issues. The downstream countries have abundance of hydrocarbon resources, while on the other hand, the upstream countries suffer a deficiency of non- water resources. So, the upstream countries started think about their transboundary Rivers as resources of hydropower generations. The downstream countries need water for irrigation purposes but upstream want water for producing hydroelectricity and they declared river water commodity as gas and oil. Thus the difference in needs becomes a major cause of conflicts between downstream and upstream states in the Central Asia. [1] Gupta R. C. (2012). Energy, Environment and Management in Metallurgical Industries. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Gatsby :: essays research papers

The American Dream I have just read a novel called "The Great Gatsby" this novel was based in the 1920's. In this novel there are lots of drinking, and parting. In this essay I'll be writing about how the novel condemns the belief of "The American Dream", this belief states that, hard working people are successful and live happy lives. And in this novel "The American Dream" was just a mirage. One of the characters in the novel that represents the American Dream is Wilson he was one of the character that was a hard worker and own his own mechanic shop, he was one of the characters that worked every day and every night to support his family. For all he did for his family he was rewarded by his wife leaving him for another man and for a friend to have power over him with words and to get a loved one killed by a car that she was walking toward("When he came outside again a little after seven he was reminded of the conversation because he heard Mrs. Wilson's voice, load and scolding, down stairs in the garage "Beat me!" he heard her cry. "Throw me down and beat me, you dirty little coward!" A moment later she rushed out into the dusk, waving her hands and shouting; before he could move from his door the business was over. The "death car" as the newspapers called it, didn't stop; it came out of the gathering darkness, wavered tragically f or a moment and then disappeared around the next bend."Pg.144-145). For all this he got for all his hard work he went and killed Gatsby and killed himself("The chauffeur--he was one of Wolfshiem's proteges heard the shots--afterward he could only say that he hadn't thought anything much about them. I drove from the station directly to Gatsby's house and my rushing anxiously up the front steps was the first thing that alarmed anyone. But they knew then, I firmly believed. With scarcely a word said, four of us, the chauffeur, butler, gardener and I, hurried down to the pool. There was a faint, barely perceptible movement of the water as the fresh flow from one end urged its way toward the drain at the other. The touch of a compass, a thin red circle in the water. IT was after we started with toward the house that the gardener was Wilson's body a little way off in the grass, and holocaust was complete"Pg.

Industrialization in America Essay -- American History, Transportatio

As America was rapidly industrializing, the products that were being mass-produced were in demand all over the nation. In order to get food, supplies and raw materials to the industrial centers that needed them, it was crucial that the speed of transportation was increased. Multiple types of transportation came forth in early 1800’s including roads, canals, steamboats and railroads which would all contribute to the industrialization of America. This time period would come to be known as the â€Å"Transportation Revolution† of America. (Ochoa 2). In 1815, farmers were struggling to keep up with the high cost of transportation of their goods. Near the end of the Transportation Revolution in 1850, transportation cuts had been cut by ninety-five percent and farmers were given much more opportunity to make a profit (Clark 1). Roadways started developing across America and played a major role in delivering raw materials to where they would be produced and then from that site to markets. However the financing of these roads quickly became an issue between the federal government and the states. In 1808, the federal government built the National Road, which was a major route that started in Virginia and extended from the Appalachian Mountains to Illinois. The National Road became the most significant road for Western settlers to travel on. Unlike most roads that were muddy and hard to drive on and muddy, the National Road was solid and made of gravel and stone. States generally built and financed their own roads around the older transportation routes and where the marketplaces were in the state. Roads gave new ways to transport goods and people across the nation, further supporting industrialization in America (Holtkamp 1). By 1807, advance... ... being sold (â€Å"McCormick, Cyrus [1800-1860]† 2). John Deere also made advancements in agricultural machinery. Deere made the first iron plow with a steel edge in America. The plow could slice many more miles of Midwestern prairies than was previously possible. In the mid 1840’s Deere sold 1,000 plows and in the next decade he sold 10,000 each year (â€Å"McCormick, Cyrus [1800-1860]† 1). Deere’s plow prompted the beginning of a new industrial empire of Deere’s agricultural equipment (Ochoa 3). The goods that were abundantly produced by the plow and reaper would feed the nation and therefore allow for population growth in America (â€Å"The Industrialization of Agriculture† 3). The machinery also made farming much more profitable for farmers because it had taken a lot of time and money to harvest the plants before the inventions were sold (â€Å"McCormick, Cyrus [1800-1860]† 1).

Managing Financial Resources Essay

1.Managing Financial Resources: Provides students with an understanding of the nature of resources available to an organization; how resources can be managed to add value; understand the value chain and how sustainable competitive advantage can be maintained; how linkages between value systems are created for competitive advantage; and how the core skills and competencies of an organization are identified and managed. 2.Corporate Finance and Evaluation: Introduces students to the modern theory of finance. It examines decision rules for financial decisions in firms and the capital market context in which these decisions are made. The subjects covered are the value and capital budgeting, portfolio theory, models of security valuation, efficient markets, long-term financing, company dividend decisions, capital structure, and interactions of investment and financing decisions. 3.Financial Accounting and Analysis: Aims to take students from first principles financial accounting rules and concepts to a broad understanding of some of the key practices and techniques in financial accounting and analysis. The module covers the principles underlying financial statements, the preparation of basic financial statements, key elements of financial accounting theory, accounting standards and the interpretation of published financial statements. 4.Strategic Management Simulation: This module aims to introduce to students key aspects of strategic management through a business simulation exercise. Students work in a team environment to develop their knowledge and skills in strategic decision making, with tasks centered on finance and human resource management. The simulation is a computer based. The teams compete against each other in a simulated business environment and the strategic decisions they make have real time affect on how their organization performs. Decisions are therefore coordinated within the team based on the interpretation of various forms of information, which in turn translate into poor or successful business performance. 5.The Liverpool MBA Management Game: Only top 12 students among the entire cohort of University of Liverpool’s MBA were chosen to work on this project. Worked on a MBA Consultancy Project for T.J. Morris Ltd., to prepare a Strategic and Financial Business Plan for their entry into th e foreign retail market, the recommendations for which were well received by Mr. Joe Morris – Operations Director of the company. 6.Managing the Environment: The module draws, especially, from the closely related disciplines of strategy and marketing and deals with the macro and micro environments, buying behavior in consumer and industrial markets. It covers the nature and scope of the issues typically associated with understanding the business environment, environmental and organizational analysis, preparation of a marketing plan, the components of strategic management and the role of marketing within the strategy process. 7.Managing People: The module aims to develop students’ understanding of the realities of organizations and strategies for managing people in organizations with regard to striking a balance between the needs of the organization and employee needs. 8.Managing Change: The course examines issues and dilemmas facing those managing change via an examination of the main types, strategies and processes of change in organizations, as well as the main problems that are encountered in successfully implementing organizational change; the methods and strategies that can be employed to analyze complex organizational systems and decide what needs to change and how; the components of change, and the ‘levers’ of organizational change; the conditions in which innovative and evolutionary change is likely to occur and the management thinking and the skills necessary to cope with ambiguity on an ongoing basis. 9. 3 month dissertation – Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Indian Economy.

Hawthorne’s Display of Evil Essay

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s works â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† are literature classics. Hawthorne thoroughly portrays his main themes and ideas in these works. Both of these works illustrate the effects of evil on the human soul. Through Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† we can clearly see that evil causes people to judge other people, evil corrupts one’s faith, and that evil has the power to transform the human soul. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† we see just how much evil causes people to judge others. Hawthorne effectively shows this through his character of Hester Prynne. Since Prynne committed the sin of adultery, she is forced to stand upon a scaffold in front of the whole city of Boston to be questioned and scolded. One of the townsmen said to Chillingworth, â€Å"The penalty thereof is death. But in their great mercy and tenderness of heart they have doomed Mistress Prynne to stand only a space of three hours on the platform of the pillory and†¦ wear a mark of shame upon her bosom. † (Hawthorne p. 4) This quote shows us that the public’s opinion on Hester Prynne has now forever changed. She is forced to wear a scarlet â€Å"A† upon her bosom to let everybody know exactly what she has done. The evil she has committed has greatly affected everyone’s point of view on Hester Prynne. Evil can harm a person in multiple ways. Another way it can harm you is by causing you to lose your faith. In Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† we see Goodman lose his faith in multiple things. He loses faith in God, in his family, and in all of the people who he associates with. While the Devil leads him into the forest, Goodman sees many familiar faces. He recognizes the faces of his wife, Faith, and he also recognizes the faces of the priests in his town. Though Goodman Brown is not sure whether it was a dream or not, he is convinced that evil is all around him. While in the forest, the Devil says, â€Å"By the sympathy of your human hearts for sin, ye shall scent out all the places – whether in church, bedchamber, street, field or forest –â€Å"(Hawthorne p. 613. ) Since he has heard the Devil’s word and witnessed these familiar faces, Goodman Brown has forever been changed. Evil has taken a toll on Goodman Brown, and it has caused his faith in his wife, family, and associates to be corrupt. One of the worst things evil can do to a human is transforming their soul. Hawthorne’s story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† illustrates this concept thoroughly. Goodman was transformed by evil in many negative ways. Before his meeting with the Devil in the forest, Goodman believed his whole family and his whole town to be very godly and he felt that he was living a great prosperous life. After his meeting with the Devil, Goodman had a negative outlook on everything in his life, he trusted no one but himself, and he lost hope in everything that he had going for him in his life. Hawthorne displays ways that evil can transform the human soul in â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† through his character of Chillingworth. Throughout the story, Hawthorne displays Chillingworth as â€Å"the man in black† also known as the Devil. Chillingworth, Prynne’s actual husband, goes through many changes in the story. His figure begins to change dramatically, making him look more evil. Chillingworth also desires to seek out the man who is the father of Pearl. He wants to find him because; he wants to make sure that the man does not repent of this sin. They people of this story believed that if one did not repent for a sin, then he or she would go to Hell. Chillingworth was not an evil man before he knew about the child. However, after the evil was committed against him, he began to turn evil, and wished the worst for the minister, the father of Pearl. It is apparent that the evil in both of these stories took a toll on both of these men’s souls. Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† both effectively display how evil can cause people to judge other people, how evil corrupts one’s faith, and how evil has the power to transform the human soul. Though evil has always been apparent in every day society, Hawthorne is attempting to influence us to always stick to your faith. No matter how bad the sin you commit is, God allows repentance for all sins. Hawthorne’s works are persuading us to never lose hope or give up on our faith.

On Henrik Ibsen’s Nora in a “Doll’s House” Essay

Henrik Ibsen displays the effect of society’s standard on an ideal family through the interesting characters in his play. Its story lingers on the loveless marriage of Nora and Torvald, and the lives of the supporting characters of the play as they portray society’s take on sexual prejudice and the role it plays on the family unit. Moreover, the story brings out a message that people are not always what they seem on the outside and on first encounters. In the Laws of Morality as presented by Ibsen, individuals had different dilemmas such that a character was developed and recognized in accordance to how he/she deals with it. An individual’s character is not inherited and thus, developed by personal endeavors or one’s own exertion. In today’s community, morality is typically focused on institutions rather than individuals; however the two are inextricably linked. Respect for an individual’s freedom and identity is necessary to sustain mental saneness which is more likely to protect individual freedoms. One such significant character in the play is the protagonist, Nora. Initially, she is introduced in the play as a somewhat childish and submissive wife of the Helmer household. Nora’s husband who constantly refers to her as his â€Å"little squirrel† (Ibsen) or â€Å"skylark† (Ibsen) is constantly implying and enforcing his views of a proper wife on her. This in turn makes the audience think that Nora is a highly dependent wife who relies on her husband’s approval. As the play progresses, Nora displays a rather courageous feat that she has hidden from her family. She had in the past associated with Krogstad on committing fraud to find finances needed in the rehabilitation of her husband’s poor health. To pay for the debts, she works secretly to ensure this. Nora is thrown into a traumatic chaos when Krogstad threatens to reveal their crime in exchange for a favor. She is further set off balance when her husband’s reaction turns out to be the complete opposite of what she hoped for. This circumstance makes her realize the disillusions she had of her marriage and that she has yet to find her true self as an independent being. Having lived an overly protected life under the care of her father and then her husband, she comes to understand that she is living not the life that she wants but of what they have imposed on her. The play ends with Nora leaving her family to embark on a mission to rediscover what she has truly wanted for herself all along. Psychological Effect Due to Unacceptance Nora is first seen as a person who is happy and contented to be the loyal wife and doting mother. While trying to meet the demands of what the society and her husband refers to a proper wife, she deliberately tries to rebel in small ways by lying to her husband about small matters such as eating sweets. Lying on such small things is seen to be psychologically disturbing for Nora, since all things she does seemed to be disapproved by her husband. She later realizes that she was never fully happy and contented living the life that others have arranged for her. Her personal foundation is being individually attached to the community having different cultures, beliefs and fashion preferences compared to hers such that, most of her decisions, likes and dislikes were greatly affected and influenced by the opinions and preferences of the community evolving around her. During the span of her marriage life, she wasn’t allowed and therefore feared to practice her true individual character. Though freedom is something an individual enjoys and is the absence of oppression, it should be practiced that where there is freedom, there is responsibility. This put her in a state of initially accepting her state of living, thus, accomplishing what the community around her believes as a rightful wife to Torvald. However, she discovers that she has been living a lie, hiding the other side of her true personality to the people who were supposed to be her family. Her husband, who she trusted to respond in her honor broke her trust and was more worried on how other people would see the family if they were to know of the crime that she has committed. Freedom is described as rights to personal security, personal expression, and political participation and it is in this respect, that Nora’s freedom of expression of was limited. The Doll in Distress Finding out that she has lost an important part of herself in an empty marriage is a distressing trauma that a lot of people like her deal with. She feels like she has lived an almost empty life as Torvald’s doll and that all her efforts for her husband to appreciate and understand her have proved to be useless. She had lived a life of a doll, where she does what she was told inside the doll house. The shelter that she once considered her home is such a doll house where there are to emotions living and even lingering inside her doll family. Given the traumatic experiences that she has experienced, there is a possibility that she will encounter depression. Moreover, these bouts of depression can lead to possible mental disorders like Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. We have take note that when she decided to leave her husband, she surmised that their children were better off with their father and not with her. This already tells us that she has also lost her confidence as a good mother to her children. Due to her depressing state, she had taken of towards her freedom, leaving of the great responsibility of being a mother behind her. Such confidence of being a good mother was destroyed due to her situation, carrying her battered morale and vanishing self esteem with her. Leaving the Doll House As Nora breaks out and breaks free from the emotionless house, there is sense of strong will to be, putting a great effort of almost forgetting the family and life she had been attached to for years. In Ibsen’s plot, she placed Nora of having acquired a sense of free willingness by letting go a huge part of her life. In the last part of the play, Nora developed the free willingness to make a big step towards recognizing an emotion that is happening to her and being aware of its effect around her. Tuning in and being aware to her every emotion or feelings makes her manage them enabling her to be confident in her worth and capabilities. Being aware of her self makes her confidently use her abilities. Being aware of ones self and emotions makes her a free willed person. Henrick Ibsen finally ended the play with a display of triumph on Nora’s side, being able to show her true individuality despite of Torvald’s disapproval and concern of the reaction of the community around them, which is in great contrast of the true story where the husband had demanded for a divorce and Nora, who was mentally and emotionally agitated, had a nervous breakdown and confined in a mental institution. Conclusion For sheltered people like Nora, breaking out of their safe zone and embarking on a new environment is a terrifying endeavor. They are more vulnerable to fallbacks because being independent is something that they will have to learn for themselves for the first time on their own. Coping up with stress is harder when a person is unaided. Although she has displayed a great deal of courage by clearly defying the wishes of her husband and leaving altogether the household it is therefore inevitable an emotional pit. It is therefore important that although she has decided to leave the household to be independent, she should be in a place where close acquaintances are available for her emotional support system. In these day and age, support systems in the mental health department are already accessible. Compared to the olden days, it is no longer a taboo issue when one seeks a psychiatrist’s help to clear one’s mindset and consult professionals on how to healthily cope up with stress. People who had experiences like Nora then should not hesitate to consult these services if ever they feel that they need it. More importantly, it is essential that they surround themselves with people who know their plight and not isolate themselves. Individuals are important members of a community for a single community is a composition of different individuals. Being individuals of one community, we are now evolving in a community with different likes, dislikes, culture and tradition. The Helmer’s personal foundation is being individually attached to the community of the same cultures, beliefs and fashion preferences, thus, most of their decisions, likes and dislikes, their way of living were affected by the opinions and preferences of the community evolving around them. So even if an individual is a part of a community, there is a big difference between an individual and a member of a community. In a lonely Doll World, it is therefore important by having an awareness of using our abilities to bring optimum results by understanding others as an individual and try out for better ways rather than stereotyping. Works Cited Ibsen, Henrik. The Project Gutenberg eBook, A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, Edited by E. Haldeman-Julius. 29 March 2005. The Project Gutenberg. 14 April 2007

How Can the Uncertainty Map Help Managers Essay

1. How can the uncertainty map help managers? Pearson’s uncertainty map provides a framework for analyzing and understanding uncertainty in the innovation process. It addresses the nature of the uncertainty and the way it changes over time, and provides managers with knowledge to make a decision and transform ideas into innovation. It also determines the type of management skills needed for different degrees of uncertainty. The framework separates uncertainty into four quadrants based on basic characterizations: a. uncertainty about ends – the eventual target of the project b. uncertainty about means – how to achieve the target Drawn on two axes, uncertainty about ends appears on the vertical axis, about means on the horizontal. The axes then divide producing four quadrants, namely: – Quadrant 1, also known as exploratory or Blue Sky Research is where there is no clear definition of the target or the means. Here, the organization is experimenting with unfamiliar technologies, and unidentified markets or products. Depending on the manager, ideas and developments may be immediately recognizable as possible commercial products. A technical manager may understand a technology but a commercial manager might see a wide range of commercial opportunities. – Quadrant 2 bears the label, Developmental Engineering. It contains ongoing activity within say, manufacturing companies that continually examine production processes looking for inefficiencies and ways to reduce costs. Here the target is clear but means are unidentified. The company may start several different projects centered on different technologies or approaches along the way so there is considerable uncertainty about how to reach the target. A manager will require special project management skills here to ensure either project delivery within budget, or cancellation to avoid escalating costs. – Quadrant 3 is the Applications Engineering dimension in which there is somewhat more certainty about how the business will achieve the target, but less certainty regarding the ends. Here they explore the potential uses of known technology, and management efforts center on which markets to enter, as well as discovering how to use the technology most effectively. – Quadrant 4 is the dimension with the most certainty. Activities here center mostly on improving existing products or creating new products through a combination of market opportunity and technical capability. This is where companies use innovation to develop new product designs that use minimal and new technology, but dramatically improve appearance and performance. Managers have to make timely decisions because while certainty is highest for them, so it is for the competition. This is where a company can win or lose the race to be first to market, and commercial managers become excited because the project is close t o market with minimal technical newness.

Positive Relationships With Children Essay

Positive relationships with children and young people are important for the following reasons: When a child/young person feels comfortable and settled within their care setting they are more likely to engage and participate more with staff and other children within the group which creates a more relaxed atmosphere, it also makes the separation process easier for the parents/carers as well as the child /young person as it shows that the child/young person is emotionally secure, Building and maintaining positive relationships is also important as it contributes to the developmental needs of each individual child/young person personally, socially and emotionally which then enhances their language skills as they gain confidence talking to each other and staff. Positive relationships also enables us as practitioners to understand and respond to children/young people more effectively as we are able to recognise their emotions and expressions and also enables practitioners to plan more accurately as we know more of the interests and understand the developmental needs of the children/young people in our care. Making sure as a practitioner I keep to my word i.e. if a child/group have done a particular activity today, and I have told another group/child they may have a turn next session I must make sure that is what takes place as theses situations will affect the trust between myself and the children within the setting. Positive relationships are maintained by us practitioners, parents /carers being good role models, by showing courtesy and respect to each other at all times, remembering that we must show respect and courtesy to our younger as well as our elders, Always being fair and consistent, listening to what is being said without making judgement and making sure that any rules and boundaries set out are kept to and understanding when information is to be kept confidential, being able to identify and resolve disagreements /conflicts, help children and young people to understand the difference. Effective communication- the way in which we speak to an individual, according to age and developmental stage of the child/young person, being  aware of body language/hand gestures and facial expressions. Ensuring that children and young people are aware and understand their views and opinions are valued and considered. It is important that people involved in the care of children and young people build and maintain positive relationships with each other, as this can also have an enormous impact the development and wellbeing of the children and young people within their care spectrum, having a positive relationship with the child/young persons parent/carer can have positive effect on the child/young person, as this is the first step in getting to know and understand the initial needs and preferences, likes and dislikes and fears or concerns of each individual, also by including parent/carers in various sessions giving them the opportunity to contribute and get involved in planning and implementing of various activities it encourages people to engage in conversation where different views, ideas, and skills are learned. Also shared whilst showing the children/young people how to live in diverse community where we are all individuals who are able to work together regardless of background or upbringing. positive relationships between the various professionals working with children/young people whether it be colleagues, external agency/organisation or service, is important as it has a direct impact on the child/young person ongoing development, being able to share information between adults involving children/young people in different situations engaging in various activities, means that planning for the children/young people can be done more effectively as each professional involved may see a different way of contributing towards the development /wellbeing of the child/young person, they may also have the opportunity to identify any needs and interests different to those already established, the welfare of children/young people can be properly monitored while being assured that each child/young person is being given consistent care, any concerns or issues can be shared accurately and promptly when required following correct procedures and guidelines.

Defenders; Prospectors; Analyzers; and, Reactors Essay

Defenders; Prospectors; Analyzers; and, Reactors - Essay Example Unequivocally, GM is a prospector as it has adopted a proactive approach in the industry. It focuses heavily on R&D function to create premium quality, authentic, reliable and safe want-satisfying automobiles (MSN report, 2010). GM’s strategy and approach is absolutely correct because of cutthroat competition among corporations such as Ford, Toyota, Honda, Nissan, BMW, Fiat, Daimler, VW etc in the global automobile industry. The intense competition among producers increases rivalry; therefore, each company focuses heavily on technological development, adaptability, value-addition, brand recognition and product differentiation to grab maximum market share. Hence, GM has to continue its marketing approach to ensure business growth and sustainability in future. The bargaining power of suppliers (raw material providers, machinery, spare parts etc) is medium because of recent improvements in global economy. The automobile demand is stronger in 2010 compared to extremely low demand in 2009. GM successfully posted profits in first two quarters, which has also improved suppliers bargaining power. The world has still not completely come out of recession; therefore, the threat of new entrants and investors is low. Also, this is an oligopolistic industry dominated by well-established giants with colossal financial, technological, human resources and managerial expertise. In addition, there are various barriers to entry such as huge investments, registration, licensing and advertising budgets etc., which reduce this threat. Chances of rivalry among competitors, in the form of price-wars, introduction of new products and after sales services, are very high because of oligopolistic nature as it corporation seeks to increase its market share. General Motors and its renowned global competitors would continue focusing on innovation, product and market development, quality maintenance and improvement, fuel-efficiency, differentiation, advertising

Freud - fear and fantasy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Freud - fear and fantasy - Essay Example The goal of this paper is to critically analyse how Newton’s TV ad appeals to its contemporary consumers through fear and fantasy symbols and suggestions. The framework of psychoanalysis will be used to interpret the meaning of this advertisement to target market segments. This advertisement uses fear and fantasy to respond to the unconscious desires of killing the ageing self, repressing sadism, and pursuing role reversal, and the conscious desires of being young and beautiful again, because of its underlying sexual and power benefits. One of the most powerful unconscious desires concerns violence, which in the advertisement’s case, refers to self-harming the ageing self. Freud's theories of aggression were multifaceted and evolved all through his lifetime. He first saw aggression as part of the sexual instinct that drives the â€Å"service of mastery† (Freud, 1905 cited in Yakeley and Meloy 2012, p.231), but afterwards, he believed that aggression constitutes a reaction to both internal and external risks, such as loss, and promotes self-preservation (Freud 191 cited in Yakeley and Meloy 2012, p.231). ... It indicates the subconscious hatred to be old, because to be old means being left behind, losing one’s social connections, and feeling weak, helpless, and unneeded. In the article, â€Å"When the Glass Is Full,† Bolgar (2002) talked about Erikson’s stages of human life, where old age is characterised as a struggle between â€Å"integrity† and â€Å"despair† (p.640). He believed that during this time, anxiety is based on â€Å"transference† or â€Å"resistance† to ageing (p.642). The resistance can be so fierce that negative emotions are attributed to the aspect of growing old. The â€Å"Olay Total Effects† ad maintains that old age is something people do not have to embrace in the physical sense. The signs of old ageing, it suggests, are repulsive, and the only way to preserve life’s beauty is to remain young-looking through using its product. Ageing is the first stage before dying, and so striving to look young as long as possible is critical to killing the ageing self. Looking youthful makes people feel less vulnerable to death. It seems that they are delaying the inevitability of their mortality. The compulsion is to use age-defying products, so that women can resist ageing. Newton’s Olay ad promises the fountain of youth. If Newton can kill the ageing self, then other consumers can also do this, without feeling guilty about it. The ad is saying that its product is the answer, or more specifically, the acceptable answer to the fear of ageing. They cannot harm themselves to fight the signs of growing old. Their anger can be diffused through doing something about their fear of ageing; this can be attained through decreasing its signs. This ad asserts that it can offer something

Bill Joy's Why the Future Doesn't Need Us Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bill Joy's Why the Future Doesn't Need Us - Essay Example The paper tells that Bill Joy debates the negative prospects of the technological advancements in nanotechnology, genetics development and the use of robots. The computer's processing speeds exponentially growing in recent years and the development of novel inventions will supersede the speed of growth. The gigantic computing power might make the intellectual fictitious robot possible. Human beings and the robots will merge in an attempt to complete the industrial tasks. These changes might even lead to human replacements in these industrial tasks. These hazards also occur in nanotechnology and genetics scopes of life. The establishment of nanotechnology made possible development of electronics of the molecular nanoscale. This technology will grow greatly in the subsequent two decades. Joy said that it is by far easy to make negative applications for nanotechnology as opposed to the more functional ones. He further articulated that, if we do not put the ethical issues of nanotechnolo gy in mind, there is a high danger of destroying the earth’s biosphere that we all depend for survival. The development of genetic technology presently brought us numerous ethical issues. Bill Joy supposed that the general community is conscious of, and nervous about, genetically customized groceries, and appears to be declining the concept that such edibles should be allowed to be unlabeled. Bill’s apprehension was that genetic technology might give the authority to bad personality and aid them to perform the disparaging act with an example being the White Plague.